① 主範 SHUHAN The founder and keeper of Kishinjuku. Black belt with red logo and character. ② 総師範 (免許皆伝) SO-SHIHAN (Menkyo Kaiden) »License holder of General / Highest-instructor (one
person in one country and can organize Kyoden-Kai on behalf of Shuhan).
Black belt with purple logo and character. ③ 師範 (免許皆伝) SHIHAN (Menkyo Kaiden) License holder of official-instructor (one person in one dojo).Black belt with purple logo and character. ④ 奥伝・教伝代理 OKUDEN・ Inner student initiation . Black belt with gray logo and character. ⑤ 高伝 KODEN High student initiation. Black belt with orange logo and character. ⑥ 中伝 CHUDEN Middle student initiation. Black belt with orange logo and character. ⑦ 初伝 SHODEN Elementary student initiation. Brawn belt with orange character. ⑧ 入門 NYUMON Primer student . White belt.
"KishinJuku" is a style of traditional Japanese Jujutsu which does not use the Dan system.
❖"Shoden" 初伝 1~2 years ◉After completion: brown belt + certificate
Basic teaching of Cho-Fu 張 封 fundamental principle and basic breathing techniques (Tanden kakusei kokyū-hō 丹田覚醒呼吸法)
❖"Chuden" 中伝 ２~４ years ◉After completion: black belt + certificate
Basic teaching of Kishin juku Jujutsu principles 『重崩』Juho『円撃』Engeki『接固』Sekko
❖"Koden" 高伝 ３~６ years ◉After completion: hakama + certificate General teaching of aiki techniques (合気技法 Aiki Giho) , practical techniques that combine four kishin juku principles 四主術理 Shishu jutsu ri and meridian techniques ( 経絡技法 Keiraku Giho)
❖"Okuden"奥伝 ４~８ years ◉After completion: black belt + certificate Advanced teaching of aiki techniques (合気技法 Aiki Giho) , practical techniques that combine four kishin juku principles 四主術理 and meridian techniques ( 経絡技法 Keiraku Giho)
______________________________________________________________________
❖"Menkyo-Kaiden" 免許皆伝 ◉completion requires individual direct teaching with the main instructor (1 hour x 8 times) After completion, the student receives a Certificate Menkyo kaiden shūryō-shō 免許皆伝修了証 , Kaiden ōgi higi keishō mokuroku 皆伝奥義秘技継承目録 scroll (巻物) and Black belt for instructor.
On top of being exempted of the monthly fee
and special training fee in Honbu-Dojo, the receiver of Shihan-Menkyo
is also allowed to teach other students. Also, if the receiver decides
to start his own school, he is not required to pay for the headquarter
fee and is free from the rules of the school. ※Please note that excepted
for students of great aptitude towards "shin" (spirit), "gi"
(technique) and "tai" (body), teaching will be limited to "Okuden"
level.
1). "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)"
is the sole highest qualification given by Shuhan and signifies the
practitioner has been taught all the techniques and principals of
Kishinjuku and recognized to have achieved the unity of “Shin-Gi-Tai
(Mind-Skill-Body)”.
2). "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)"
holder ensures the future prosperity of Kishinjuku and helps the
development of the students as possible future successors. However, the
holders’ future course will not be forced and their own wishes shall be
respected.
Terms for Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu (Branch Dojo officially authorized by Kishinjuku)
1). Only those individuals who have
attained the following “Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency) ” have qualification for
establishing branch Dojo of Kishinjuku. The person is called
“Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu (Branch Dojo Master officially authorized by
Kishinjuku)”.
2). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu can collect the
charge of an admission and a monthly fee from a student at their
discretion. Also, there shall be no payment duty to Shuhan in accordance
with it.
3). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu does not have the
right to issue a "Kyoden Completion Certificate” or "Menkyo Kaiden
Certificate (Certificate of Full Proficiency). This right only belongs
to Shuhan, including the right to issue other items such as belts, and
these shall be awarded to the students directly.
4). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu cannot hold a
seminar under the name of "Kyoden-kai (Shuhan's Seminar)", however, can
hold "Rensei-kai (Formal training session)”, collect fees and sell
officially recognized goods with the aim of obtaining profits from the
participants at their discretion.
5). Only Shuhan has the right to produce
and publish learning and training materials for “Kyoden Techniques”,
such as DVDs or books.
Terms for Nintei-Dojoshu (study group Dojo officially approved by Kishinjuku)
1). Nintei-Dojoshu is a special student
who does not have either Shihan qualification, but is
approved to open a Dojo.
2). Nintei-Dojoshu can collect the charge
of a monthly fee from a student at their discretion. Also, there shall
be no payment duty to Shuhan in accordance with it.
3). Nintei-Dojoshu does not have the right
to issue a "Kyoden Completion Certificate”(Shoden, Chuden, Koden ...) This right only belongs to
Shuhan, including the right to issue other items such as belts, and
these shall be awarded to the students directly.
4). Nintei-Dojoshu cannot hold a seminar
under the name of "Kyoden-kai (Shuhan's Seminar)" or "Rensei-kai (Formal
training session)”, however, can hold “Keiko-kai (Training session)“
and collect fees at their discretion.
5). Nintei-Dojoshu does not have the right
to produce and publish learning and training materials for “Kyoden
Techniques”, such as DVDs or books. Also they do not have the right to
sell or transfer officially recognized goods. These rights only belong
to Shuhan.
6). Nintei-Dojoshu is required to
participate seminars organized by Konin-Shibu-Dojo or Hombu Dojo
(Kishinjuku Headquarters) a minimum of twice a year. Nintei-Dojoshu must
take responsibility for being a special student, which includes
endeavouring to improve their techniques. They are also responsible for
teaching their students the techniques in a safe environment.
7). A fifteen-year period of grace is set
in order to obtain "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)" from the date of
approval of “Nintei-Dojoshu”. The acquisition of Shoden, Chuden, Koden
and Okuden are all required as set in the Kishinjuku terms.
8). Nintei-Dojoshu has the same
responsibility as Konin-Shibu- Dojoshu for the confidentiality of Kishinjuku
Aiki techniques and all the Kyoden techniques and principles. Therefore,
if these techniques and principles are disclosed in anyway to other
schools or bodies without Shuhan’s permission, such as in a seminar,
Nintei-Dojoshu approval will be disqualified and revoked regardless of
any reason.
_____________________________________________________________________ Special notes :
Study group leader is
permitted to wear a black belt from the date of this position being
granted but this is great responsability because shuhan's expectations are that the study group leader will make great efforts to master until kishin juku Okuden level . Don't mix Kishinjuku principles and other style of similar Budo (aikido, aiki jujutsu...)because having an open mind and practicing outside our own style ( our " comfort zone") is necessary and respectable however this will cause confusion if you do it in the beginning of your progression in Kishin juku Jujutsu.
How to study kishin-juku Jujutsu ? Basically , there is 3 ways to study Kishin juku Jujutsu :
- with kishinjuku shuhan in hombu dojo in Japan - with Kishin juku shuhan during kyoden-kai in Europe - with kishinjuku shihans in europeans shibu-dojo
Please understand Kishin juku Jujutsu is not easy to master, need long time and much effort to be high level instructor, so that it makes hard life for you but it can also become a big motivation in your life. Budo is not only a method of defense or a method of self-satisfaction ,budo is also a way of personal development.
En Meiji 8 (1875) le nom de sokaku est listé dans le Aizu ( maintenant préfecture de Fukushima ) Kuranji Enzoji Temple (円蔵寺 ou 柳津虚空蔵) à Yanaizu-cho 柳津町 , dans la liste des étudiants de Ono-ha ittōryū 「小野 派 一刀 流」du Yokikan dojo de Shibuya Toma.
Temple Enzoji à Yanaizu
Le nom de famille utilisé par Sokaku à cette époque est TAKEDA mais écrit différemment d'aujoud'hui 「竹田」 et prénom Sokaku 「宗角」(encadré en rouge sur l' image) .
Il est à noter que l’écriture du nom Takeda sera changé en 「武田」dés 1872 (meiji 5) afin de correspondre à la famille « noble » de samurai du même nom et faire croire donc à une origine « noble » de sa famille.
On retrouve pourtant ici encore l' ancien nom 「竹田」 sur ce registre d' étudiants de Ono-ha Itto ryu .
Le pére de Sokaku Takeda est également listé sous cet « ancien » nom durant la guerre Boshin (1868 - 1869 ).
A la droite du nom de Sokaku Takeda, il y a également Satō Tadataka 「佐藤忠孝 」(encadré en vert sur l' image) qui est un homme issue d'une famille de Samurai , en particulier son grand père Kenshirō 「健四郎 」 était un samurai du clan et son arrière grand père Kin'emon 「金右衛門 」était Otomo-ban 御供番 ( chef d'escorte) des gardes chargés de la protection et de l' escorte du seigneur féodal local. L' escorte était composée de 60 hommes choisis pour leur compétence dans les 18 arts (bugeijūhappan 武芸十八般) des Samurai dont le Jujutsu, ken-jutsu, Iai-jutsu, Shuriken-jutsu, Tsue-jutsu et Tessen-jutsu.
Satō Tadataka
De Satō Tadataka , Sokaku apprit en particulier le Jujutsu à l' intérieur des palaces (oshikiuchi ), les techniques d'arrestation (Taiho jutsu 逮捕術) et techniques d'immobilisations à l' aide de cordes (Hobaku jutsu 捕縛術 )
Note : pour certains chercheurs japonais, le oshikiuchi 御式内o-shikiuchi est un terme faisant référence à une sorte de technique à utiliser dans des circonstances formelles.Le terme lui-même se traduit littéralement par quelque chose comme "manière honorable pour l'intérieur"et pourrait être en fait l’étiquette correcte à utiliser à l' intérieur des palace et non une méthode particulière de Jujutsu.
En outre Kong, la jeune sœur de Tadataka Satō deviendra l' épouse de Sokaku Takeda en 1884.
Satō Tadataka et Sokaku Takeda ont été tous deux élèves de Kin'emon 「金右衛門 」.
Sur la partie supérieur (encadré en bleu ) on trouve le nom de Nagao Seigo , enseignant de Taishi-ryū kenjutsu et de Shibukawaryū Jujutsu , ensemble avec Tadataka Satō ils iront tous deux participer à la guerre pendant la rébellion de Satsuma en 1877,
Dans ce document, il y a cinq enseignants de Kenjutsu répertoriés sur la droite de l'image. Le quatrième est 「Takeda zenjūrō 信善十郎貞信」 qui est également l'enseignant du kenjutsu du poste de police Sakashita et il a également enseigné la technique de capture à l' aide de corde (術縛 術 Hobaku-jutsu).
Registre des familles de Aizu 1872
Cette photo est la page couverture du Registre des familles (Registre des familles) de Aizu datant de Meiji 5 (1872)
Le père de Sokaku est Soikichi Soukichi, son grand-père est mort, mais il s'appelait Somonemon 惣左衛門 (et non Souemon 惣右衛門 ), dans ce registre nous avons confirmation que rson père occupait une position sociale dans l'agriculture paysanne.
Nous allons maintenant étudier l’ arbre généalogique de l’ école Daito ryu inscrite dans le rouleau “hiden Mokuroku”.
Par l’ étude de ce document, il est évident que Sokaku Takeda a cherché à falsifier l’ origine de sa famille (qui était d’origine paysanne) afin de la faire correspondre avec la généalogie de l’ illustre famille de Samurai TAKEDA en désignant comme fondateur de l’ école (始術之祖 ) Daito ryu Minamoto Yoshimitsu (1045 - 1127).
Sur ce document est clairement indiqué que 10 générations (十余 世 Jūyo Sei : 10 generations ensuite) séparent Takeda Kunitsugu (qui était un membre de la famille de Takeda Shingen) et le grand père de Sokaku takeda : Takeda Souemon
Cette stratégie avait pour but de donner du crédit et une importance à l’ enseignement de Sokaku Takeda qui pour rappel demandait une somme exorbitante pour suivre ses séminaires de 10 jours (équivalent d’ un mois de salaire d’ un employé de l’ époque)
Généalogie ci-dessous :
清和天皇 Seiwa Tennō Emperor Seiwa
貞純親王 Sadazumi Shinnō
経基 Tsunemoto
満仲 Mitsunaka
満仲 Yorinobu
頼義 Yorinoshi
義光 Yoshimitsu 始術之祖 Fondateur de l’école
武田義清
Takeda Yoshikiyo
武田信義
Takeda Nobuyoshi
武田信満
Takeda Nobumitsu
武田信満
Takeda Nobumitsu
武田信重
Takeda Nobushige
武田國継
Takeda Kunitsugu (note : membre de la famille de Takeda Shingen)
十余 世 Jūyo Sei : 10 générations ensuite
武田内匠守 惣右衛門
Takeda Uchi Takumi No Kami Souemon
(Note : grand père de Sokaku Takeda )
大東流柔術 本部長
Daitō Ryū Jūjutsu Hombuchō
武 田惣角源正義
Takeda Sokaku Minamoto Masayoshi
Conclusions :
Sokaku Takeda n’est pas le 36eme soke de l’école Daito ryu, il n’y a aucune preuve historique de l’existence de cette école avant Sokaku.
Son ancêtre Takeda Kunitsugu武田国次 est emprunté dans les ancêtres des autres familles “nobles” en indiquant que son grand père (qui est d’origine paysanne) était un descendant de Kunitsugu Takeda , selon les recherches historiques des registres familiaux de Aizu, cette personne n’ pas du tout en lien avec les ancêtres de Sokaku .
Sokaku s’est marié à Kon (sa 1ere femme ) en 1884 , qui était une de ses voisines , et appartenait à la famille Satō . Sokaku a commencé à apprendre les A.M avec le père de son épouse , Satō Tadataka 佐藤忠孝
Lorsque Satō Tadataka est décédé en 1885 (Meiji 18) , Sokaku a appris le Shibukawa ryu jujutsu et deviendra même un instructeur du dojo de Nagao Seigo situé dans le village voisin .
Sokaku aura deux enfants (une fille et un garcon) de sa première union avec Kon , , mais en 1894 (Meiji 27) sa maison est victime d’ un incendie et en 1895 ( Meiji 28 ) Sokaku disparaît soudainement et devient un artiste martial en exil durant le reste de sa vie.
Le registre de la famille de 1896 ( Meiji 29) mentionne que Sokaku une notification de disparition à propos de Sokaku et le sort en conséquence des héritiers de sa famille. Sokaku finira par revenir mais il ne pourra pas regagner son foyer et rencontrer sa femme Kon en public.
En 1898 Sokaku dirige un séminaire Daito-ryu dans la préfecture de Miyagi en mai, c’est le plus ancien enregistrement des livres d'inscription de Sokaku (eimeiroku)
En fevrier 1908 sa premiére femme Kon mourut de la maladie à l'âge de 42 ans. Sokaku enseigne de facon très active dans le secteur de Hokkaido.
Sources :
Documents privés du Jikan Dojo 慈眼道場 Kenyukai 研究会 Research society
From Jikan
Dojo - Kishin Juku Ju Jutsu France Facebook page : "This
old book from 1892 include definition of Aiki no jutsu 『合氣之術』
and Kiai no jutsu in Old Japanese martial arts . Sokaku
takeda Sensei begin his public teaching travel in 1898...so
historicaly "aiki no jutsu " 『合氣之術』
is not only found in Daito ryu tradition and
lineage... "
"I will introduce the
post of an French police officer engaged day and night to maintain
security, this man who is dedicating life to the history search of
Japanese martial arts and in the practice Aiki jujutsu (in fact this
man is my disciple in my jujutsu private school ).
If
you tell me the contents of the post in a word, it is a proof that
"aiki no jutsu “ 『合氣之術』
is not a monopoly patent of a certain famous
large school. Why did he have to make a post like this ....?
Do you know that you know the historical facts of Japanese martial
arts?
One
Japanese Aiki Jujutsu pratictionner wrote that "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』 is
a unique art developed by the one particular japanese jujutsu school
(NT Daito ryu) , so "aiki no jutsu " 『合氣之術』
would be an original propriety of that school
(NT Daito ryu), so in his mind other jujutsu schools can't use the word and teach
"aiki no jutsu” 『合氣之術』"
....
It
is because this japanese pratictioner is recruiting new disciples
widely in selling complaints about how this is done, and also my
disciple of the French branch of my school was one who received
solicitation directly from this man.
This japanese man 's
probably not knowing in fact the real history of "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』 and
the existence of this related book ( I also learned the
existence of books from my diciple too (laugh)
In
other words, it may have been an action of justice being driven by a
belief as a martial artist ...
.
Finally, in
this case, there is only one thing I would like to say / "Before
you move in to action, first take your back", but this also
remarked was also inspired by one advice from my police officer
French disciple .... (laugh)"
If you want to know the REAL history of "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』in japanese martial art please read this article below :
Yoshitoki Shirobei Akiyama (
秋山四朗兵衛義時) who was a physician and accomplished budoka from
Nagasaki and is said to have founded Yōshin-ryū (楊心流)
("The School of the Willow Heart"). This happened before 1671.
Yoshin Ryu JuJutsu is
seen as a classical Japanese fighting system traditionally.
Supposedly YoshitokiAkiyama was inspired by the willow trees, which yielded to the heavy
winter snow and thus avoided damage. The character for yo ( 楊 )
refers to a type of upright branching willow tree (红皮柳 Salix sinopurpurea) . It is commonly found along yangzhou 揚州 "the willow city " a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China. Yangzhou city is sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze river.
The Akiyama line of Yōshin-ryū is perhaps the most influential
school of
jūjutsu to exist in Japan. By the late Edo Period, Akiyama
Yōshin-ryū and its descendants had spread all over Japan.
Yoshitoki Akiyama studied
medicine and Chinese boxing - whether in China or Japan remains
unclear.
His system of martial study integrated existing Japanese combat forms of Jujutsu with an Chinese striking system (called Kenpo
拳法 in some yoshin ryu scrolls).
CHINESE MEDECINE
Medicine during the Edo period was as five separate schools of medicine that were practiced in Japan. Each of these schools was based on the Chinese medical tradition. In the sixth century, Chinese medicine, kanpō, was brought to Japan by Buddhist priests. Kanpō utilized Chinese herbs, acupuncture, moxibistion and massage.
Chinese medicine is based on the principle that the body, like the universe, can potentially achieve “a state of dynamic equilibrium if no strain is imposed on the system.” Unfortunately, the body was constantly disturbed by internal and external influences which manifest themselves as either deficiencies (ying) or excesses (yang) of energy. Because patients were seen as part of nature, illness was caused by these continual environmental forces acting on their bodies.
NAGASAKI AND WESTERN MEDECINE
Under the maritime restrictions imposed by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1630s, which would remain in force until the Bakumatsu Period (1850s), the only foreigners permitted to trade at the port of Nagasaki were the Dutch and the Chinese. While only about 15-20 Dutchmen lived on Dejima at a time, Chinese residents of Nagasaki numbered in the thousands.
Deshima island in Nagasaki Bay in 1825
Western medicine slowly filtered into Japan during the Tokugawa period
(1600-1858).
Western medicine was introduced to Japan by the Portuguese and
Spaniards, but they made few contributions to medicine in Japan. The
true cultural exchange between Japanese and European physicians occurred
with the introduction of Dutch traders into Japan during Tokugawa
Iemitsu’s rein.
By 1641, the Dutch had relocated their trading post to the island
Deshima in Nagasaki Bay. The staff of the trading post on Deshima
almost always included a European physician. These physicians played a
vital role in the dissemination of Western medical knowledge to Japanese
physicians and scholars throughout the Edo period. While this
transference was hindered by the Bakufu’s severing of ties with the rest
of Europe, Western medical knowledge slowly spread. By 1630, Tokugawa
Iemitsu had effectively banned most Western books from Japan.
Due to Japan’s isolation from the Europe, the translation and
study of Dutch books became synonymous with Western studies. While the
term rangaku literally translates to “Dutch learning,” rangaku scholars studied other European works as well
While Japanese variants of Chinese medicine dominated
Japanese medical practice, western medicine made significant inroads and
penetrated Japan.
Historian John Bowers claims that Western medicine ultimately triumphed
over Chinese medicine due to the perseverance of Japanese students,
scholars and European physicians stationed at Deshima. Over this time
period, Japan experienced a gradual expansion of western medicine
throughout Japan due to the concerted and dedicated efforts of some of
the most important Japanese medical practitioners and advocates.
The key event in the expansion of Western medicine in Japan during the
eighteenth century was the publication of Sugita Gempaku’s Kaitai
Shinsho 解体新書 (New Treatise on Dissection) in 1774. Shigehisa Kuriyama
described the publication of this book as “a major turning point in
Japanese cultural history.
The Kaitai Shinsho was a translation of the Johann Adam Kulman’s Anatomische Tabellen (1731). Kulman’s book was an extremely accurate Dutch book on
anatomy. The book contained numerous lithographs of human anatomy.
While Katai Shinsho did not become the standard for Japanese medicine
until the Meiji era, it would eventually play a vital role in
transforming Japanese medicine.
Anatomische Tabellen and Kaitai
Shinsho
Extracts from the Katai Shinsho
Short video in Japanese about Sugita Gempaku’s Kaitai
Shinsho
SAKKATSU-HO IN JUJUTSU
Sakkatsu-ho (method to save life and to kill) contained teaching for use vital point (kyusho) and to use rescucitation techniques (kappo). We can see these methods exist exactly the same in Shin no Shinto Ryu and Tenjin Shinyo Ryu, which are both from their parent's school : Akiyama Yoshin Ryu.
By translating and studying the Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no makiwe was abble to understand that the Yoshin ryu school contained teaching from both chinese medecine and western medecine for killing methods and revival methods.
Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
Atemi Gokui part of Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
17 kyusho listed below:
草靡 Sobi Rubbing grass / Frottement de l' Herbe (proverbe confucéen)
秘中 Hichu secret center / centre secret
人中 Jinchu center of the man / centre de l' homme
烏乱 Koran Raven revolted / corbeau révolté
獨鈷 Dokko One handed Vajra / Vajra à une seule main(vajra : « diamant » et « foudre » instrument dans la tradition bouddhique vajrayāna (« voie du diamant »)
烏兎 Uto hare and raven / lièvre et corbeau (Yin & Yang : les deux yeux)
明間 MeikanBright space / Espace lumineux
松風 Matsukaze pine wind/ vent des pins
村雨 Murasamevillage rain / pluie villageoise
釣鐘 Tsukiganehanging bell / cloche suspendue (cloches bouddhistes)
月影 Tsukikage Shadow of the moon / Ombre de la lune
雁下 Gankabelow the Wild Goose / sous l' Oie sauvage
少寸 Shosun 1 petit pouce / 1 petit sun (sun : unité de mesure correspondant à environ 3cm )
明星 Myojostar bright / étoile brillante
氷月 SuigetsuMoon on the water / Lune sur l' eau
貫元 Kangen Old Kan / Ancien Kan (kan est une ancienne unité de mesure japonaise correspondant à 3.75 kg)
Tenjin ShinYo ryu kyusho
Tenjin ShinYo ryu Chi no maki (scroll of earth) listing 7 kyusho (Uto, Kasumi, Jinchu, Dokko, Hichu, Matsukaze, Murasame)
Shin no shinto ryu chart with organs
Chart from Shin no Shinto ryu Jodan Keiraku no maki 1807
Tenjin ShinYo ryu jujutsu 's kyusho locations in relation to organs, (to be compared with this picture just below)
KAPPO
Kappo(活法kappō, "resuscitation techniques") is a contraction of the two Japanese words Katsu (resuscitation) and Ho (method). kappo refers to resuscitation techniques used to revive someone who has
been choked to the point of unconsciousness, to lessen the pain of a
strike to the groin, to help someone drowned or to stop a bleeding nose...
Eri Kappo method from 1894 manual
CONCLUSION
Sakkatsu-ho 殺活法(method to save life and to kill) in Old Jujutsu schools
contained teaching for use vital points (kyusho) and to use rescucitation
techniques (kappo) .
Around 1700, old japanese Jujutsu masters have
combined old Japanese Jujutsu , Chinese kenpo methods with teachings from
Eastern medecine and Western medecine to make a synthesis which allowed
them an more effective and pragmatic method of application .
Related Koryu Jujutsu documents analyzed for our study :
Tenjin shinyo ryu Jin no maki Meiji 4 = 1871
Shin no shindo ryu Jodan Keiraku no maki (bunka 4 - 1807)
Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
Atemi Gokui section from Koryū Yōshin Shintō Ryū Mokuroku (1752)
Translation and research from Koryu Jujutsu scrolls and transmission documents.
The main purpose of our research society is to provide the most authentic informations on historical lineages, philosophical paradigms, strategical concepts, technical catalogs contained in the classical Japanese Jujutsu schools 's Densho 傳書 (transmission documents) and Maki 巻 (scrolls).
Currently the
most used term is JuJutsu 柔術 but historically several other terms have been used according to each schools and according of the times
of foundation , some examples of terms : Taijutsu 躰術 體術 ,Yawara 和, Kogusoku 小具足, Koshi mawari 腰廻 ...
Below you can find some examples of our research's documents (private consultation only) :
YOSHIN RYU
KENKAN-MON The Gates of Observation 1829
MENKYO HOSHO 1713
KORYU YOSHIN SHINTO RYUJUJUTSU 1752
Koryū Yōshin Shintō Ryū Mokuroku
Yōshin Ryū Jodan No Maki
Koryu Yōshin Shintō Ryū Keiraku No Maki
Naiden Juroku No Kata
Yōshin Ryū Hiketsu No Jō
TENJIN SHINYO RYU JUJUTSU
TENJIN SHINYO RYU TEN NO MAKI 1877
TENJIN SHINYO RYU CHI NO MAKI 1906
TENJIN SHINYO RYU JIN NO MAKI 1871 1909
TENJIN SHINYO RYU MENKYO YO NO MAKI (not translated yet) 1882
TAI-I-ROKU ( unknow date)recorded big thoughts
IEMOTO GITEI-SHO
Protocols of the Headmaster 1832
JUJUTSU SEISHI Kishōmonji written Record of the
Vow to the Gods 1863
SHIN NO SHINTO RYU JUJUTSU
SHIN NO SHINTO RYU NO MAKI 1753 (from founder)
SHIN NO SHINTO RYU NO KEIRAKU NO MAKI 1807
SHIN NO SHINTO RYU NO MAKI (date ?)
SHIN NO SHINTO RYU JODAN NO MAKI (1779)
KITO RYU JUJUTSU
KITO RYU TEN MAKI 1796 - 1907
KITO RYU CHI MAKI 1671
KITO RYU JIN MAKI 1736 - 1796
KITO RYU HONTAI MAKI
KITO RYU HONTAI MAKI (issued by Kano Jigoro to Saigo Shiro)1885
Aiki in the Edo (1603 - 1868),
Meiji (1868 - 1912), and Taisho (1912 - 1925) periods
In the Edo era
(1603-1868)
Kito-ryu
Jujutsu's "Touka Mondou" (Lamplight Dialogue) of 1764.
toka mundo 燈下問答
There,
"aiki" (相気) is used to refer to the difficult state of engaging in attack and
defense when in the same kisetsu* as the opponent. The use of "aiki" (合気) can be found in many martial arts writings of
the 1800s, with the same meaning as in the Touka Mondou.**
*kisetsu気節is a compound of
"ki", in this case meaning "feeling, intention", and
"setsu", which carries a sense of both "time/rhythm" and
"joint/break". In this context, it refers to the ebb and flow of
intention and timing between attack and defense. 気節が合う, then, is talking about both opponents engaging in attack, or both
opponents engaging in defense, or matched in permutations thereof, creating a
stalemate.
** This meaning of "aiki" matches with the one reference to 合気 found in Yagyu Shinkage-ryu, indeed, in a document dating
to the early 1800, there it refers to a state of stalemate created by both
opponents embodying 攻防一致, a unity of attack
and defense.
Aiki concept in Yagyu Shinkage ryu ,
here's the situation in the kata:
Shidachi is in a strong chudan
stance; no suki. Uchidachi is a in a strong chudan stance; no suki. The
situation is a stalemate. This is "aiki", as in "kisetsu ga
au".In the kata, shidachi drops his strong chudan stance, to invite
uchidachi's attack, or any kind of response, and create a suki. This is called
"departing from aiki". Breaking the stalemate. This is the use of the
term "aiki" in YSR, and the use that Mr. Shishida is talking about.
The word aiki is found in Edo era books on some kenjutsu (sword fighting) documents.
For
example, Kenjutsu Hiden Hitori Shugyo (Secret Sword Techniques, Training Alone)
written by Sen-en in 1800 reads, “A
situation in which two people stand facing each other is aiki.”
Ittoryu Heiho Toho Kigenko (A Study on the Origin of Itto-ryu’s Freestyle
Practice) written by Zesuke Nakanishi in 1822
reads, “When facing an enemy, this gets to the point of aiki, waiting and
seeing how one beats the other.”
Both books use aiki as a disagreeable term, a confrontation of strong
wills.
So it is said aiki is a negative
point in sword fights.
In the Meiji era (1868-1912)
However, in the Meiji era, books about aikijutsu rather than kenjutsu put a
positive significance to aiki.
The shift away from this meaning began with the 1892
"Budo Hiketsu Aiki no Jutsu"
book (The Secret Budo Techniques of Aiki) wrote by Bukotsu koji 武骨居士
Here "aiki" is an inner teaching of budo, with the meaning of "being one step ahead of the enemy" (敵より一歩先んずる). Here, "techniques of reading the mind of the enemy" (敵人読心の術) and "the aiki of battle cries" (掛け声の合気) are explained with "being ahead" (先んずる) as a presupposition, but specifics are not noted.
The author wrote that tekijin dokushin no jutsu (techniques of reading an opponent’s mind) and kiai (yelling) are the most important parts of aiki.
The former teaches the control of an opponent before an actual fight; that is, reading his thoughts at the same time as they spring to his mind, or using go no sen, which is avoiding his thoughts of beating you.The latter teaches you how to defeat an opponent with your voice.
(1) Aiki,i is a static direction, inactive , innocent spirit, latent heat..
(2) Kiai, is when dynamic & active ways. kiai is a dynamic direction, a cared feeling,
and a sensible heat.
“Kiai
is also sometimes spoken of as aiki.
Although the two are one and the same thing when construed in a broad sense,
yet they admit of distinction when more narrowly interpreted.
Briefly kiai implies the active side of one’s mind,
whereas aiki has to do with its passive
state. In other words, the former [KIAI] represents a condition in which
one’s ki or mental energy is actively
concentrated upon the object in view, whereas the latter [AIKI]indicates a state in which this mental force is quiescent (quiet, calm, peaceful).
For
practical purposes there is no need to
distinguish between the two. They stand to each other in much the same
relation as active to latent heat.
Kiai is thus
the motive power which prompts man to an action with the strong resolve to
carry it to a successful issue; it is the force which furnishes the impulse to
take advantage of opportunity.”
According to
this authority, kiai may be described as the potential power which governs the
course of human life, and the source of the energy inherent in the human
race,the energy of all energies, in short.
Ninja uses techniques of study and cow disease. The secret mystery of Aiki is kiai jutsu and technique of reading an opponent's mind dokushinjutsu.
In the Taisho era, this trend continued and we can find aiki along with kiai in many books on bujutsu. They say aiki is the technique in which you can take advantage in a battle by reading an opponent’s mind.
Sources :
The Actual Conditions and Educational Strength of Budo Education by Fumiaki Shishida
In Japan in late
1800 and early 1900 Japan was in a period of absorption of Western
theories (medical, military, political ...), including also "esoteric"
practices such as "mesmerism", "magnetism" , hypnotism ... that they mixed with their own "esoteric" practices (Shinto, Buddhism, shugendo ...) If
we search in Japanese digital libraries it is easy to see that there
are many books dealing with the concepts of Hypnotism (催眠 術), Kiai-jutsu
(sound kiai) 気 合 術 and Aiki-jutsu (silent kiai) 合 気 術 published late 1800 early 1900 in Japan:
1.books on hypnosis in Japan early 1900 (between 1880 and 1919: 242 books are
referenced as mentioning the term Saimin-jutsu (Hypnosis) in their title or in
their summary)
2.books on kiai-jutsu in Japan early 1900 (between 1900 and 1919: 32 books are
referenced as mentioning the term kiai-jutsu in their title or in their
summary)
About esotericism practices in Japan
Onmyōdō (陰陽道, also In'yōdō, lit. ‘The Way
of Yin and
Yang’) is a
traditional Japaneseesoteric
cosmology, a
mixture of natural science and occultism. It is based on the Chinese
philosophies
of Wu Xing (five elements) and yin and
yang,
introduced into Japan at the beginning of the 6th century. It was accepted as a
practical system of divination. These practices were influenced
further by Taoism, Buddhism and Shintoism, and evolved into the system of onmyōdō
around the late 7th century. Onmyōdō was under the control of the
imperial government, and later its courtiers, the Tsuchimikado family, until the middle of the
19th century, at which point it became prohibited as superstition.
Shugendō
evolved during the 7th century from an amalgamation of beliefs, philosophies,
doctrines and ritual systems drawn from local folk-religious practices,
pre-Buddhist mountain worship, Shinto, Taoism and esoteric Buddhism. The 7th century ascetic and
mystic En no Gyōja is widely considered as the
patriarch of Shugendō, having first organized Shugendō as a doctrine. Shugendō
literally means "the path of training and testing" or "the way
to spiritual power through discipline." In modern times, Shugendō is
practiced mainly through Tendai and Shingon temples
Hypnotic phenomena existed among the Miko (Shinto female shaman, mediums)
and Shyu-genjyas and Gyōja 行者 (ascetics) in
ancient Japan (Shugendo and Yamabushi).
At that time, people attached great importance to Mikos; However, most people
today do not believe it, with the exception of a few old people in northern
Japan who talk to Mikos as their advisers. If we mean by "hypnosis"
in the broad sense of the term any condition of mind and body, we can say that
in Japan there were religious sects that have a close relationship with
hypnosis.
After 1867
the Meiji government's desire to create a form of state Shinto headed by the
emperor—the shaman-in-chief of the nation—meant that Shinto needed to be
segregated from both Buddhism and folk-religious beliefs. As a result, official
discourse increasingly repeated negative views of Miko.
The Kuji Kiri diagram appears here in this section of Tokimune Takeda's
private notes of his father Sokaku's teachings :
Tokimune takeda about aiki (interviews conducted with Tokimune Takeda between 1985 and
1987 in Abashiri, Hokkaido and Tokyo)
Could you explain in a little more detail about the concept of aiki ?
Aiki is to pull when you are pushed, and to push when you are pulled. It is the spirit of slowness and speed, of harmonizing your movement with your opponent's ki. Its opposite, kiai, is to push to the limit, while aiki never resists. Aiki applies to self-defense when an opponent attacks first, and we use the term to refer to self-defense for people in general. These two must not be confused. Thus, the police do not use the word aiki. They use jujutsu. They fight with kiai, using a sen sen attack. Attacking is kiai. Aiki, on the other hand, is go no sen. policemen are permitted to attack first. This is why the police studied Daito-ryu, though these days the mixture of judo, kendo, Aikido, and other arts used by the police is usually referred to as taihojutsu or arrest techniques.
Tokimune Takeda about kiai
Kiai in the situation in which the opponent becomes involved by my ki-ai. As an example the shout (Ehi, Toho, Hath, Iehii, Ihaa) increases each one's courage and consequently allows the dealing of you opponent by you own will, scarring him and putting him a discouragement condition, without being able to offer any resistance.
Tokimune Takeda about ki
In Daito-ryu are kept the secrets of aiki. The life depends on ki, therefore the ki has to be developed. With the right way of breathing one can properly the ki and succeed at reaching mental concentration. Developing a determined and courageous spirit, one can obtain an almost divine mental state and be in position of understanding, based on the nature of the ki that he encounters [a opponent], of how to act and manage the situation. Thus, the attach of opponent can nearly be seen before it happens.
Tokimune Takeda about aiki in-yo
In means reaching a calm state through the closing of our hands in fists and correct breath inhalation. Yo instead is to exhale completely while opening the again. Thanks to the way of breathing, the Aiki-in-yo-ho, the mind is focused and the gaze is more penetrating; one will therefore succeed therefore at maintaining his courage and manipulate the opponents in a nearly supernatural way using [only] the ten fingers [of the hands].
Tokimune Takeda about Aiki-tanren-ho
It is practiced in couples and when the partner grabs our wrists, one must try to focus the ki in the armpits, the legs and fingertips: then we will be able to throw the opponent in every direction. Since this is a training to also improve the breathing, it is important that both [the students] practice without making too much use of force; it is also possible to practice without a single hand. The aim of this exercise is to reinforce properly the ki and the muscular power.
A step apart from the mystic of aiki
Takeda Sokaku Sensei used the aiki concept in Shugendo,
Buddhism “esoteric practices “ that he added to his Jujutsu but but he did it in a very practical way.
For Takeda Sokaku Sensei Aiki concept was
technical principle to neutralize enemy power during first contact !
Sagawa Sensei began
training in Budo before he was 10 years old, and from the time that he first
met Takeda Senshi in Taisho year 1 (1912) he would often hear him speak the
word “Aiki”. The word “Aiki” as a technical term in Budo was unfamiliar to the
young Sagawa, so he made particular note of its usage.
Further, the notes taken by (Sagawa) Sensei’s father,
Nenokichi Sagawa Sensei (佐川子之吉), from the
workshop at which he was taught Yonkajo (四ヶ条) by
Takeda Senshi in Taisho year 2 (1913) have survived to this day. In those notes
“Apply Aiki” (合気をかける) can be seen written in the corner. This memo, which can said to be
absolute material evidence, was confirmed by Stanley Pranin, the editor of
“Aiki News” when he visited Sagawa Sensei while gathering materials on Aiki.
An Aiki body : an internal body conditioning
As Makoto Kojima Sensei
always said to us: “Basic training of 型 Kata constructs Aiki
body from inside little by little...”
Aiki is to constructs a unified , connected & stable
body who does not use
our muscles and bones in partial ways. We usually, unfortunately
initially, tend to use our limbs and our body in a partial way, like an athlete
who raises weights in order to build muscles.
But stable does
not mean immobile, constructs Aiki body is build a Sensible body so one
can react instantly to our opponent's change
Aiki as a philosophical Way of Human Development
This scroll was written by
Yukiyoshi Sagawa, that he hung on the wall of his Dojo. A picture of the actual
scroll appears at the top of this article, and appears in Kimura Tatsuo’s book
“Discovering Aiki” (“合気修得への道“)
First transcription in Japanese, and then translation in English by
Christopher Li :
Aiki is the fitting together of Ki. Through this harmonious reconciliation
all things under heaven and earth in the universe move peacefully without
disturbance. This harmonization is Aiki. As the Ki of Aiki is natural it unifies
and reconciles without the slightest ill feeling or resistance. The harmonious reconciliation that is
Aiki must be the basis for the formation of human society. This is the Great Circle of Harmony
(Daienwa) of Aiki. Through the principles of Aiki pacify
and reconcile those threatening violence. Also when the enemy has already
attacked, likewise transform and change according to the attack of the enemy
through the principles of fitting together Ki and achieve reconciliation. Enlightened people have received this
transmission from the Founder, Shinra Saburo Minamoto Yoshimitsu, and must
train devoutly in the basics of Aiki no Jutsu as well as Taijutsu (Yawara),
Tachi no Jutsu, Sojutsu, and Bojutsu to attain the state where Aiki Budo is the
Way of Human Development.
Aiki in Kishin Juku Jujutsu ?
Nowadays
it seems that some Aiki Jujutsu or Aikibudo groups claim the origin of
the term "aiki" .Concequently, we simply notice that these groups have
in fact no knowledge of the history and context of use of the term
"aiki" in Japanese martial arts history !
As exemple some Aiki
practitioners hold the belief that with only the principle of total
relaxation they can neutralize a REAL ennemy attack but we are forced to
note that their aiki is often only a simple choregraphy where their
partner never resists ! This is like AIKI DANCE CHOREGRAPHY , this can
look beautiful but this so far way of martial art efficiency . Often
they have no experience of the reality of street aggression in fact !
These practitioners are often very active in showing to others their
budo certificates, their budo scrolls (that they often buy with very
expensive MONEY) .... These actions are nothing else than demonstration
to other their desire to make demonstration of their EGO
On the
other hand, some people use the term aiki abundantly too, but we find
that their techniques are only demonstrations of physical strength with
a large amount of technical errors. These practitioners are often
very active to post their videos on the internet or social
networks....Again this is just a demonstration of their technical
incompetence and their desire to make demonstration of their EGO.
No in Kishin Juku we have not find a "magical" aiki technique. Kishin
juku Jujutsu school has chosen REALITY aiki world instead of the world
of fiction and MAGICAL aiki world 🤣
You want to know what is Aiki concept for us ? Start by participate one
of Kojima Makoto Sensei seminar and just grab his wrists, you will
begin to have a clear idea of what the concept of Aiki means for us !
