Départ de Charles De Gaulle avec un vol ANA avec correspondance à Düsseldorf et nous voici enfin arrivé à Tokyo Narita où nous attendait Kojima Makoto Sensei.
Nous commençons notre séjour par quelques jours de tourisme: kamakura , Tsuruoka Hachimangu, Tokyo Skytree,Fuji Yama, le musée du Samurai de Tokyo, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Château de Odawara, Hasedera, Yasukuni-jinja.
Nous avons ensuite participé à une cession de formation spéciale au Kishin Juku Hombu dojo de Tokyo en prévision du séminaire à Kyoto qui se déroulera dans quelques jours. Beaucoup de principes importants au programme et Kojima Sensei nous apporte une quantité de détails techniques qui font clairement la différence dans la réalisation des techniques.
Une petite vidéo :
Départ ensuite pour Kyoto en Shinkansen où nous sommes installés dans le quartier de Gion.
Un événement important se prépare puis que nous allons participer au séminaire (kyoden-kai) au Butokuden dojo de Kyoto. La construction du Butokuden (武徳殿) a commencé en 1895 pour s'achever en 1899.
C'est le dojo de la prestigieuse Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (大日本武徳会).
C'est un lieu mythique dans l' historique des arts martiaux japonais et nous ne pouvons pas nous retenir de penser à la portée historique de ce lieu avec notamment cette célèbre photographie d'une réunion des principaux maîtres de JuJutsu, le 24 juillet 1906 devant le Butokuden dojo.
Photo de notre groupe devant ce même Butokuden dojo
Ces deux jours de séminaires seront conclus par les remises de grades et les démonstrations des divers récipiendaires.
Le Jikan dojo est particulièrement mis à l' honneur car trois de ses membres vont recevoir une promotion en grade des mains de Kojima Sensei :
Corinne pour le niveau Shoden
Christophe pour le niveau Koden et le titre de Shihan-dai
Christian pour le niveau Menkyo kaiden et le titre de So-Shihan.
A noter également la présence d' Élisa , nouvelle pratiquante du jikan dojo et déjà très motivée pour participer à notre voyage au Japon !
Certificat de Menkyo kaiden , ceinture de So-shihan et makimono Kaiden Ogi Higi
Nous avons terminé notre séjour à Kyoto par de nouveau un peu de tourisme : Kiyomizu temple, Nishiki market, Toei Kyoto studio Park ( décors de films de samurai ), château de Nijo (二条城, Nijōjō) construit en 1603, le pavillon d'or de Kyoto. (Kinkaku-ji )...
Yukiyoshi Sagawa (1902-1998) (佐川幸義) was one of the senior students of Daito-ryu Chuko-no-so (“Interim
Reviver” / 中興の祖) Sokaku Takeda.
Sagawa’s father Nenokichi (佐川子之吉 1867–1950) was a long
time supporter of Takeda, and was actually present at the Hisada Inn
when Ueshiba was introduced to Takeda by Kotaro Yoshida.
Yukiyoshi Sagawa began
studying Daito-ryu under Takeda Sokaku somewhere around 1913 at the age
of 12 (so before Aikido Founder Morihei Ueshiba) after first learning
the art from
his father, Nenokichi Sagawa (佐川子之吉 1867–1950), who was a student and
ardent supporter of Takeda, as well as a holder of a Kyoju Dairi
(assistant instructor’s licence) in Daito-ryu.
Sagawa Yukiyoshi , who was propably his highest student, and accompanied him as an assistant in the 1930s, received Kyoju Dairi in 1932, Kaishaku Soden in May 1938 and Seito Soden in Spetember 1939.
Daito ryu Aiki Jujutsu Hiden ogi no koto received by Sagawa Yukiyoshi 佐川幸義 from Takeda Sokaku Sensei in September 1939
118 kajo omote ura
aiki no jutsu omote 53 kajo
Hiden Ogi 36 kajo Omote Ura
御信用之手 Goshin Yo no te 84 kajo Jo - Chu - Ge
解釈総傳 Kaishaku Soden no Koto 477
正統総傳 Seito-Sōden (Inherited general transmission) 123 techniques
Daito ryu nito jutsu Hiden 68 techniques Omote Ura
==========================
Daito ryu Aiki Jujutsu Hiden ogi no koto received by Sagawa Yukiyoshi 佐川幸義 from Takeda Sokaku Sensei in May 1938 (Kaishaku soden was same as Menkyo kaiden in 1938 so the highest level in Daito-ryu in that times )
118 kajo omote ura
Aiki no jutsu omote 53 kajo
Hiden Ogi 36 kajo Omote Ura
Daito ryu nito jutsu Hiden
御信用之手 Goshin Yo no teJo - Chu - Ge 84 kajo
解釈総傳 Kaishaku Soden no Koto 477 kajo
and 100 Aiki-bo [stick/pole], Aikitachi, 31 Aiki-yari [spear] scrolls
Sagawa Sensei 's Daito ryu scrolls (Aiki Yari , Nito & Kaiden)
Note: Picture taken from Matsuda Ryuchi's book "Hiden Nihon jūjutsu 秘 伝 日本 柔 術" in 1978.
In January 1954, Sagawa Sensei was actually
designated as the successor to Takeda Sokaku by Munekiyo Takeda [son of Sokaku Takeda’s 1st wife] and Tokimune Takeda [son of Sokaku Takeda’s 2nd wife].
But on the 25th of
January 1956 tokimune finally became Soké 宗 家 (head of family, clan, school) and
Sagawa So-Han (宗 範)
During his life, Sagawa Sensei learned too both judo and kendo, studied and received licenses in Kogen
Ittoryu Kenjutsu [one-sword] and Araki-ryu Jujutsu. He received ranks
in Oshima-ryu Sojutsu [spear], also studied karate, sumo, boxing, and wrestling.
[Translation of Takeda Soke Letter of Succession] FromTransparent Power – Tomei na Chikara by Tatsuo Kimura ( Japanese edition was published in 1995 and english edition in 2009)
Creetings [expressed in very formal Janapese], During
this very cold season were are happy that you are well. We ourselves
are very healthy and in good condition, so please do not worry about us. On
another topic, since the passing of our father Sokaku Takeda, the head
of the organization Daito-ryu Aiki-bujutsu and jujutsu, we have been
discussing who should be his successor to lead the headquarters [hombu].
In recognition of the fact that the highest license granted by Takeda
Seisei was to Yukiyoshi Sagawa, whose personal character and techniques
are very high level, we are in agreement that Yukiyoshi Sagawa is the
most suitable person to succeed. Recently, Sagawa has accepted, and
therefore we decide to name Yukiyoshi Sagawa as the 36th Soke [master]
of Daito-ryu Akik-bujutsu. We now make this announcement publicly. Mr.
Sagawa became a student of our deceased father in Taisho 2 [1913] at
the age of 12. He learned both judo and kendo, which he subsequently
polished for many decades. During that time he also studied and received
licenses in Kogen Ittoryu Kenjutsu [one-sword] and Araki-ryu Jujutsu.
He received ranks in Oshima-ryu Sojutsu [spear], and the essences of
other ko-ryu [old matrial arts], and also studied karate, sumo, boxing,
and wrestling. He continued to study such budo and sports, and in May
1938 he has granted Kaiden [a very high license]. Ultimately, in
September 1939 he received Seito-Soden [the very highest authorized
license] covering the entire curriculum of Aiki-bujutsu. His licenses
include certificates for 118 techniques, 36 techniques, and 84
techniques; Kaiden: 48 techniques; Aikijujutsu: 53 techniques;
Seito-Soden: 123 techniques, and 100 Aiki-bo [stick/pole], Aikitachi, 68
Aiki-ni-to [two-sword] techniques, 31 Aiki-yari [spear] all as named in
one certificate scroll. With this he was authorized the license of
Seito-Soden. This year he is 51 year old. In recent times, sports are
becoming popular, judo is spreading to other countries, which is
outstanding. But Daito-ryu is a way of life, both for self-defence and
for healthy and long life. We would like to promote these aspects of
Daito-ryu and help it develop. So please connect with Mr.Sagawa, and
please make you best efforts to develop this school with Mr.Sagawa. Showe 29 [1954], January [address] [Signed] Munekiyo Takeda [son of Sokaku Takeda’s 1st wife] Tokimune Takeda [son of Sokaku Takeda’s 2nd wife]
① 主範 SHUHAN The founder and keeper of Kishinjuku. Black belt with red logo and character. ② 総師範 (免許皆伝) SO-SHIHAN (Menkyo Kaiden) »License holder of General / Highest-instructor (one
person in one country and can organize Kyoden-Kai on behalf of Shuhan).
Black belt with purple logo and character. ③ 師範 (免許皆伝) SHIHAN (Menkyo Kaiden) License holder of official-instructor (one person in one dojo).Black belt with purple logo and character. ④ 奥伝・教伝代理 OKUDEN・ Inner student initiation . Black belt with gray logo and character. ⑤ 高伝 KODEN High student initiation. Black belt with orange logo and character. ⑥ 中伝 CHUDEN Middle student initiation. Black belt with orange logo and character. ⑦ 初伝 SHODEN Elementary student initiation. Brawn belt with orange character. ⑧ 入門 NYUMON Primer student . White belt.
"KishinJuku" is a style of traditional Japanese Jujutsu which does not use the Dan system.
❖"Shoden" 初伝 1~2 years ◉After completion: brown belt + certificate
Basic teaching of Cho-Fu 張 封 fundamental principle and basic breathing techniques (Tanden kakusei kokyū-hō 丹田覚醒呼吸法)
❖"Chuden" 中伝 ２~４ years ◉After completion: black belt + certificate
Basic teaching of Kishin juku Jujutsu principles 『重崩』Juho『円撃』Engeki『接固』Sekko
❖"Koden" 高伝 ３~６ years ◉After completion: hakama + certificate General teaching of aiki techniques (合気技法 Aiki Giho) , practical techniques that combine four kishin juku principles 四主術理 Shishu jutsu ri and meridian techniques ( 経絡技法 Keiraku Giho)
❖"Okuden"奥伝 ４~８ years ◉After completion: black belt + certificate Advanced teaching of aiki techniques (合気技法 Aiki Giho) , practical techniques that combine four kishin juku principles 四主術理 and meridian techniques ( 経絡技法 Keiraku Giho)
______________________________________________________________________
❖"Menkyo-Kaiden" 免許皆伝 ◉completion requires individual direct teaching with the main instructor (1 hour x 8 times) After completion, the student receives a Certificate Menkyo kaiden shūryō-shō 免許皆伝修了証 , Kaiden ōgi higi keishō mokuroku 皆伝奥義秘技継承目録 scroll (巻物) and Black belt for instructor.
On top of being exempted of the monthly fee
and special training fee in Honbu-Dojo, the receiver of Shihan-Menkyo
is also allowed to teach other students. Also, if the receiver decides
to start his own school, he is not required to pay for the headquarter
fee and is free from the rules of the school. ※Please note that excepted
for students of great aptitude towards "shin" (spirit), "gi"
(technique) and "tai" (body), teaching will be limited to "Okuden"
level.
1). "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)"
is the sole highest qualification given by Shuhan and signifies the
practitioner has been taught all the techniques and principals of
Kishinjuku and recognized to have achieved the unity of “Shin-Gi-Tai
(Mind-Skill-Body)”.
2). "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)"
holder ensures the future prosperity of Kishinjuku and helps the
development of the students as possible future successors. However, the
holders’ future course will not be forced and their own wishes shall be
respected.
Terms for Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu (Branch Dojo officially authorized by Kishinjuku)
1). Only those individuals who have
attained the following “Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency) ” have qualification for
establishing branch Dojo of Kishinjuku. The person is called
“Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu (Branch Dojo Master officially authorized by
Kishinjuku)”.
2). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu can collect the
charge of an admission and a monthly fee from a student at their
discretion. Also, there shall be no payment duty to Shuhan in accordance
with it.
3). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu does not have the
right to issue a "Kyoden Completion Certificate” or "Menkyo Kaiden
Certificate (Certificate of Full Proficiency). This right only belongs
to Shuhan, including the right to issue other items such as belts, and
these shall be awarded to the students directly.
4). Konin-Shibu-Dojoshu cannot hold a
seminar under the name of "Kyoden-kai (Shuhan's Seminar)", however, can
hold "Rensei-kai (Formal training session)”, collect fees and sell
officially recognized goods with the aim of obtaining profits from the
participants at their discretion.
5). Only Shuhan has the right to produce
and publish learning and training materials for “Kyoden Techniques”,
such as DVDs or books.
Terms for Nintei-Dojoshu (study group Dojo officially approved by Kishinjuku)
1). Nintei-Dojoshu is a special student
who does not have either Shihan qualification, but is
approved to open a Dojo.
2). Nintei-Dojoshu can collect the charge
of a monthly fee from a student at their discretion. Also, there shall
be no payment duty to Shuhan in accordance with it.
3). Nintei-Dojoshu does not have the right
to issue a "Kyoden Completion Certificate”(Shoden, Chuden, Koden ...) This right only belongs to
Shuhan, including the right to issue other items such as belts, and
these shall be awarded to the students directly.
4). Nintei-Dojoshu cannot hold a seminar
under the name of "Kyoden-kai (Shuhan's Seminar)" or "Rensei-kai (Formal
training session)”, however, can hold “Keiko-kai (Training session)“
and collect fees at their discretion.
5). Nintei-Dojoshu does not have the right
to produce and publish learning and training materials for “Kyoden
Techniques”, such as DVDs or books. Also they do not have the right to
sell or transfer officially recognized goods. These rights only belong
to Shuhan.
6). Nintei-Dojoshu is required to
participate seminars organized by Konin-Shibu-Dojo or Hombu Dojo
(Kishinjuku Headquarters) a minimum of twice a year. Nintei-Dojoshu must
take responsibility for being a special student, which includes
endeavouring to improve their techniques. They are also responsible for
teaching their students the techniques in a safe environment.
7). A fifteen-year period of grace is set
in order to obtain "Menkyo Kaiden (Full Proficiency)" from the date of
approval of “Nintei-Dojoshu”. The acquisition of Shoden, Chuden, Koden
and Okuden are all required as set in the Kishinjuku terms.
8). Nintei-Dojoshu has the same
responsibility as Konin-Shibu- Dojoshu for the confidentiality of Kishinjuku
Aiki techniques and all the Kyoden techniques and principles. Therefore,
if these techniques and principles are disclosed in anyway to other
schools or bodies without Shuhan’s permission, such as in a seminar,
Nintei-Dojoshu approval will be disqualified and revoked regardless of
any reason.
_____________________________________________________________________ Special notes :
Study group leader is
permitted to wear a black belt from the date of this position being
granted but this is great responsability because shuhan's expectations are that the study group leader will make great efforts to master until kishin juku Okuden level . Don't mix Kishinjuku principles and other style of similar Budo (aikido, aiki jujutsu...)because having an open mind and practicing outside our own style ( our " comfort zone") is necessary and respectable however this will cause confusion if you do it in the beginning of your progression in Kishin juku Jujutsu.
How to study kishin-juku Jujutsu ? Basically , there is 3 ways to study Kishin juku Jujutsu :
- with kishinjuku shuhan in hombu dojo in Japan - with Kishin juku shuhan during kyoden-kai in Europe - with kishinjuku shihans in europeans shibu-dojo
Please understand Kishin juku Jujutsu is not easy to master, need long time and much effort to be high level instructor, so that it makes hard life for you but it can also become a big motivation in your life. Budo is not only a method of defense or a method of self-satisfaction ,budo is also a way of personal development.
En Meiji 8 (1875) le nom de sokaku est listé dans le Aizu ( maintenant préfecture de Fukushima ) Kuranji Enzoji Temple (円蔵寺 ou 柳津虚空蔵) à Yanaizu-cho 柳津町 , dans la liste des étudiants de Ono-ha ittōryū 「小野 派 一刀 流」du Yokikan dojo de Shibuya Toma.
Temple Enzoji à Yanaizu
Le nom de famille utilisé par Sokaku à cette époque est TAKEDA mais écrit différemment d'aujoud'hui 「竹田」 et prénom Sokaku 「宗角」(encadré en rouge sur l' image) .
Il est à noter que l’écriture du nom Takeda sera changé en 「武田」dés 1872 (meiji 5) afin de correspondre à la famille « noble » de samurai du même nom et faire croire donc à une origine « noble » de sa famille.
On retrouve pourtant ici encore l' ancien nom 「竹田」 sur ce registre d' étudiants de Ono-ha Itto ryu .
Le pére de Sokaku Takeda est également listé sous cet « ancien » nom durant la guerre Boshin (1868 - 1869 ).
A la droite du nom de Sokaku Takeda, il y a également Satō Tadataka 「佐藤忠孝 」(encadré en vert sur l' image) qui est un homme issue d'une famille de Samurai , en particulier son grand père Kenshirō 「健四郎 」 était un samurai du clan et son arrière grand père Kin'emon 「金右衛門 」était Otomo-ban 御供番 ( chef d'escorte) des gardes chargés de la protection et de l' escorte du seigneur féodal local. L' escorte était composée de 60 hommes choisis pour leur compétence dans les 18 arts (bugeijūhappan 武芸十八般) des Samurai dont le Jujutsu, ken-jutsu, Iai-jutsu, Shuriken-jutsu, Tsue-jutsu et Tessen-jutsu.
Satō Tadataka
De Satō Tadataka , Sokaku apprit en particulier le Jujutsu à l' intérieur des palaces (oshikiuchi ), les techniques d'arrestation (Taiho jutsu 逮捕術) et techniques d'immobilisations à l' aide de cordes (Hobaku jutsu 捕縛術 )
Note : pour certains chercheurs japonais, le oshikiuchi 御式内o-shikiuchi est un terme faisant référence à une sorte de technique à utiliser dans des circonstances formelles.Le terme lui-même se traduit littéralement par quelque chose comme "manière honorable pour l'intérieur"et pourrait être en fait l’étiquette correcte à utiliser à l' intérieur des palace et non une méthode particulière de Jujutsu.
En outre Kong, la jeune sœur de Tadataka Satō deviendra l' épouse de Sokaku Takeda en 1884.
Satō Tadataka et Sokaku Takeda ont été tous deux élèves de Kin'emon 「金右衛門 」.
Sur la partie supérieur (encadré en bleu ) on trouve le nom de Nagao Seigo , enseignant de Taishi-ryū kenjutsu et de Shibukawaryū Jujutsu , ensemble avec Tadataka Satō ils iront tous deux participer à la guerre pendant la rébellion de Satsuma en 1877,
Dans ce document, il y a cinq enseignants de Kenjutsu répertoriés sur la droite de l'image. Le quatrième est 「Takeda zenjūrō 信善十郎貞信」 qui est également l'enseignant du kenjutsu du poste de police Sakashita et il a également enseigné la technique de capture à l' aide de corde (術縛 術 Hobaku-jutsu).
Registre des familles de Aizu 1872
Cette photo est la page couverture du Registre des familles (Registre des familles) de Aizu datant de Meiji 5 (1872)
Le père de Sokaku est Soikichi Soukichi, son grand-père est mort, mais il s'appelait Somonemon 惣左衛門 (et non Souemon 惣右衛門 ), dans ce registre nous avons confirmation que rson père occupait une position sociale dans l'agriculture paysanne.
Nous allons maintenant étudier l’ arbre généalogique de l’ école Daito ryu inscrite dans le rouleau “hiden Mokuroku”.
Par l’ étude de ce document, il est évident que Sokaku Takeda a cherché à falsifier l’ origine de sa famille (qui était d’origine paysanne) afin de la faire correspondre avec la généalogie de l’ illustre famille de Samurai TAKEDA en désignant comme fondateur de l’ école (始術之祖 ) Daito ryu Minamoto Yoshimitsu (1045 - 1127).
Sur ce document est clairement indiqué que 10 générations (十余 世 Jūyo Sei : 10 generations ensuite) séparent Takeda Kunitsugu (qui était un membre de la famille de Takeda Shingen) et le grand père de Sokaku takeda : Takeda Souemon
Cette stratégie avait pour but de donner du crédit et une importance à l’ enseignement de Sokaku Takeda qui pour rappel demandait une somme exorbitante pour suivre ses séminaires de 10 jours (équivalent d’ un mois de salaire d’ un employé de l’ époque)
Généalogie ci-dessous :
清和天皇 Seiwa Tennō Emperor Seiwa
貞純親王 Sadazumi Shinnō
経基 Tsunemoto
満仲 Mitsunaka
満仲 Yorinobu
頼義 Yorinoshi
義光 Yoshimitsu 始術之祖 Fondateur de l’école
武田義清
Takeda Yoshikiyo
武田信義
Takeda Nobuyoshi
武田信満
Takeda Nobumitsu
武田信満
Takeda Nobumitsu
武田信重
Takeda Nobushige
武田國継
Takeda Kunitsugu (note : membre de la famille de Takeda Shingen)
十余 世 Jūyo Sei : 10 générations ensuite
武田内匠守 惣右衛門
Takeda Uchi Takumi No Kami Souemon
(Note : grand père de Sokaku Takeda )
大東流柔術 本部長
Daitō Ryū Jūjutsu Hombuchō
武 田惣角源正義
Takeda Sokaku Minamoto Masayoshi
Conclusions :
Sokaku Takeda n’est pas le 36eme soke de l’école Daito ryu, il n’y a aucune preuve historique de l’existence de cette école avant Sokaku.
Son ancêtre Takeda Kunitsugu武田国次 est emprunté dans les ancêtres des autres familles “nobles” en indiquant que son grand père (qui est d’origine paysanne) était un descendant de Kunitsugu Takeda , selon les recherches historiques des registres familiaux de Aizu, cette personne n’ pas du tout en lien avec les ancêtres de Sokaku .
Sokaku s’est marié à Kon (sa 1ere femme ) en 1884 , qui était une de ses voisines , et appartenait à la famille Satō . Sokaku a commencé à apprendre les A.M avec le père de son épouse , Satō Tadataka 佐藤忠孝
Lorsque Satō Tadataka est décédé en 1885 (Meiji 18) , Sokaku a appris le Shibukawa ryu jujutsu et deviendra même un instructeur du dojo de Nagao Seigo situé dans le village voisin .
Sokaku aura deux enfants (une fille et un garcon) de sa première union avec Kon , , mais en 1894 (Meiji 27) sa maison est victime d’ un incendie et en 1895 ( Meiji 28 ) Sokaku disparaît soudainement et devient un artiste martial en exil durant le reste de sa vie.
Le registre de la famille de 1896 ( Meiji 29) mentionne que Sokaku une notification de disparition à propos de Sokaku et le sort en conséquence des héritiers de sa famille. Sokaku finira par revenir mais il ne pourra pas regagner son foyer et rencontrer sa femme Kon en public.
En 1898 Sokaku dirige un séminaire Daito-ryu dans la préfecture de Miyagi en mai, c’est le plus ancien enregistrement des livres d'inscription de Sokaku (eimeiroku)
En fevrier 1908 sa premiére femme Kon mourut de la maladie à l'âge de 42 ans. Sokaku enseigne de facon très active dans le secteur de Hokkaido.
Sources :
Documents privés du Jikan Dojo 慈眼道場 Kenyukai 研究会 Research society
From Jikan
Dojo - Kishin Juku Ju Jutsu France Facebook page : "This
old book from 1892 include definition of Aiki no jutsu 『合氣之術』
and Kiai no jutsu in Old Japanese martial arts . Sokaku
takeda Sensei begin his public teaching travel in 1898...so
historicaly "aiki no jutsu " 『合氣之術』
is not only found in Daito ryu tradition and
lineage... "
"I will introduce the
post of an French police officer engaged day and night to maintain
security, this man who is dedicating life to the history search of
Japanese martial arts and in the practice Aiki jujutsu (in fact this
man is my disciple in my jujutsu private school ).
If
you tell me the contents of the post in a word, it is a proof that
"aiki no jutsu “ 『合氣之術』
is not a monopoly patent of a certain famous
large school. Why did he have to make a post like this ....?
Do you know that you know the historical facts of Japanese martial
arts?
One
Japanese Aiki Jujutsu pratictionner wrote that "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』 is
a unique art developed by the one particular japanese jujutsu school
(NT Daito ryu) , so "aiki no jutsu " 『合氣之術』
would be an original propriety of that school
(NT Daito ryu), so in his mind other jujutsu schools can't use the word and teach
"aiki no jutsu” 『合氣之術』"
....
It
is because this japanese pratictioner is recruiting new disciples
widely in selling complaints about how this is done, and also my
disciple of the French branch of my school was one who received
solicitation directly from this man.
This japanese man 's
probably not knowing in fact the real history of "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』 and
the existence of this related book ( I also learned the
existence of books from my diciple too (laugh)
In
other words, it may have been an action of justice being driven by a
belief as a martial artist ...
.
Finally, in
this case, there is only one thing I would like to say / "Before
you move in to action, first take your back", but this also
remarked was also inspired by one advice from my police officer
French disciple .... (laugh)"
If you want to know the REAL history of "aiki no jutsu "
『合氣之術』in japanese martial art please read this article below :
Yoshitoki Shirobei Akiyama (
秋山四朗兵衛義時) who was a physician and accomplished budoka from
Nagasaki and is said to have founded Yōshin-ryū (楊心流)
("The School of the Willow Heart"). This happened before 1671.
Yoshin Ryu JuJutsu is
seen as a classical Japanese fighting system traditionally.
Supposedly YoshitokiAkiyama was inspired by the willow trees, which yielded to the heavy
winter snow and thus avoided damage. The character for yo ( 楊 )
refers to a type of upright branching willow tree (红皮柳 Salix sinopurpurea) . It is commonly found along yangzhou 揚州 "the willow city " a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China. Yangzhou city is sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze river.
The Akiyama line of Yōshin-ryū is perhaps the most influential
school of
jūjutsu to exist in Japan. By the late Edo Period, Akiyama
Yōshin-ryū and its descendants had spread all over Japan.
Yoshitoki Akiyama studied
medicine and Chinese boxing - whether in China or Japan remains
unclear.
His system of martial study integrated existing Japanese combat forms of Jujutsu with an Chinese striking system (called Kenpo
拳法 in some yoshin ryu scrolls).
CHINESE MEDECINE
Medicine during the Edo period was as five separate schools of medicine that were practiced in Japan. Each of these schools was based on the Chinese medical tradition. In the sixth century, Chinese medicine, kanpō, was brought to Japan by Buddhist priests. Kanpō utilized Chinese herbs, acupuncture, moxibistion and massage.
Chinese medicine is based on the principle that the body, like the universe, can potentially achieve “a state of dynamic equilibrium if no strain is imposed on the system.” Unfortunately, the body was constantly disturbed by internal and external influences which manifest themselves as either deficiencies (ying) or excesses (yang) of energy. Because patients were seen as part of nature, illness was caused by these continual environmental forces acting on their bodies.
NAGASAKI AND WESTERN MEDECINE
Under the maritime restrictions imposed by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1630s, which would remain in force until the Bakumatsu Period (1850s), the only foreigners permitted to trade at the port of Nagasaki were the Dutch and the Chinese. While only about 15-20 Dutchmen lived on Dejima at a time, Chinese residents of Nagasaki numbered in the thousands.
Deshima island in Nagasaki Bay in 1825
Western medicine slowly filtered into Japan during the Tokugawa period
(1600-1858).
Western medicine was introduced to Japan by the Portuguese and
Spaniards, but they made few contributions to medicine in Japan. The
true cultural exchange between Japanese and European physicians occurred
with the introduction of Dutch traders into Japan during Tokugawa
Iemitsu’s rein.
By 1641, the Dutch had relocated their trading post to the island
Deshima in Nagasaki Bay. The staff of the trading post on Deshima
almost always included a European physician. These physicians played a
vital role in the dissemination of Western medical knowledge to Japanese
physicians and scholars throughout the Edo period. While this
transference was hindered by the Bakufu’s severing of ties with the rest
of Europe, Western medical knowledge slowly spread. By 1630, Tokugawa
Iemitsu had effectively banned most Western books from Japan.
Due to Japan’s isolation from the Europe, the translation and
study of Dutch books became synonymous with Western studies. While the
term rangaku literally translates to “Dutch learning,” rangaku scholars studied other European works as well
While Japanese variants of Chinese medicine dominated
Japanese medical practice, western medicine made significant inroads and
penetrated Japan.
Historian John Bowers claims that Western medicine ultimately triumphed
over Chinese medicine due to the perseverance of Japanese students,
scholars and European physicians stationed at Deshima. Over this time
period, Japan experienced a gradual expansion of western medicine
throughout Japan due to the concerted and dedicated efforts of some of
the most important Japanese medical practitioners and advocates.
The key event in the expansion of Western medicine in Japan during the
eighteenth century was the publication of Sugita Gempaku’s Kaitai
Shinsho 解体新書 (New Treatise on Dissection) in 1774. Shigehisa Kuriyama
described the publication of this book as “a major turning point in
Japanese cultural history.
The Kaitai Shinsho was a translation of the Johann Adam Kulman’s Anatomische Tabellen (1731). Kulman’s book was an extremely accurate Dutch book on
anatomy. The book contained numerous lithographs of human anatomy.
While Katai Shinsho did not become the standard for Japanese medicine
until the Meiji era, it would eventually play a vital role in
transforming Japanese medicine.
Anatomische Tabellen and Kaitai
Shinsho
Extracts from the Katai Shinsho
Short video in Japanese about Sugita Gempaku’s Kaitai
Shinsho
SAKKATSU-HO IN JUJUTSU
Sakkatsu-ho (method to save life and to kill) contained teaching for use vital point (kyusho) and to use rescucitation techniques (kappo). We can see these methods exist exactly the same in Shin no Shinto Ryu and Tenjin Shinyo Ryu, which are both from their parent's school : Akiyama Yoshin Ryu.
By translating and studying the Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no makiwe was abble to understand that the Yoshin ryu school contained teaching from both chinese medecine and western medecine for killing methods and revival methods.
Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
Atemi Gokui part of Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
17 kyusho listed below:
草靡 Sobi Rubbing grass / Frottement de l' Herbe (proverbe confucéen)
秘中 Hichu secret center / centre secret
人中 Jinchu center of the man / centre de l' homme
烏乱 Koran Raven revolted / corbeau révolté
獨鈷 Dokko One handed Vajra / Vajra à une seule main(vajra : « diamant » et « foudre » instrument dans la tradition bouddhique vajrayāna (« voie du diamant »)
烏兎 Uto hare and raven / lièvre et corbeau (Yin & Yang : les deux yeux)
明間 MeikanBright space / Espace lumineux
松風 Matsukaze pine wind/ vent des pins
村雨 Murasamevillage rain / pluie villageoise
釣鐘 Tsukiganehanging bell / cloche suspendue (cloches bouddhistes)
月影 Tsukikage Shadow of the moon / Ombre de la lune
雁下 Gankabelow the Wild Goose / sous l' Oie sauvage
少寸 Shosun 1 petit pouce / 1 petit sun (sun : unité de mesure correspondant à environ 3cm )
明星 Myojostar bright / étoile brillante
氷月 SuigetsuMoon on the water / Lune sur l' eau
貫元 Kangen Old Kan / Ancien Kan (kan est une ancienne unité de mesure japonaise correspondant à 3.75 kg)
Tenjin ShinYo ryu kyusho
Tenjin ShinYo ryu Chi no maki (scroll of earth) listing 7 kyusho (Uto, Kasumi, Jinchu, Dokko, Hichu, Matsukaze, Murasame)
Shin no shinto ryu chart with organs
Chart from Shin no Shinto ryu Jodan Keiraku no maki 1807
Tenjin ShinYo ryu jujutsu 's kyusho locations in relation to organs, (to be compared with this picture just below)
KAPPO
Kappo(活法kappō, "resuscitation techniques") is a contraction of the two Japanese words Katsu (resuscitation) and Ho (method). kappo refers to resuscitation techniques used to revive someone who has
been choked to the point of unconsciousness, to lessen the pain of a
strike to the groin, to help someone drowned or to stop a bleeding nose...
Eri Kappo method from 1894 manual
CONCLUSION
Sakkatsu-ho 殺活法(method to save life and to kill) in Old Jujutsu schools
contained teaching for use vital points (kyusho) and to use rescucitation
techniques (kappo) .
Around 1700, old japanese Jujutsu masters have
combined old Japanese Jujutsu , Chinese kenpo methods with teachings from
Eastern medecine and Western medecine to make a synthesis which allowed
them an more effective and pragmatic method of application .
Related Koryu Jujutsu documents analyzed for our study :
Tenjin shinyo ryu Jin no maki Meiji 4 = 1871
Shin no shindo ryu Jodan Keiraku no maki (bunka 4 - 1807)
Koryu Shinto Yoshin ryu Keiraku no maki Hōreki 2 (1752)
Atemi Gokui section from Koryū Yōshin Shintō Ryū Mokuroku (1752)
